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DBMS > Citus vs. gStore vs. Milvus vs. PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. gStore vs. Milvus vs. PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisongStore  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.14
Rank#342  Overall
#34  Graph DBMS
#16  RDF stores
Score2.78
Rank#103  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Websitewww.citusdata.comen.gstore.cnmilvus.iowww.postgresql.orgrethinkdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comen.gstore.cn/­#/­enDocsmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdwww.postgresql.org/­docsrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release2010201620191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2009
Current release8.1, December 20181.2, November 20232.4.4, May 202416.3, May 20242.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
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Implementation languageCC++C++, GoCC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnonoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesnoyesClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesnoACIDAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supportedRole based access control and fine grained access rightsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousers and table-level permissions
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusgStoreMilvusPostgreSQLRethinkDB
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

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More resources
CitusgStoreMilvusPostgreSQLRethinkDB
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