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DBMS > Citus vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Access vs. RavenDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Access vs. RavenDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLIn-memory JavaScript DBMSMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#123  Overall
#60  Relational DBMS
Score0.48
Rank#262  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score105.40
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score3.01
Rank#101  Overall
#17  Document stores
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessravendb.netvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comtechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessravendb.net/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperMicrosoftHibernating RhinosOpenLink Software
Initial release20102014199220101998
Current release8.1, December 20181902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 20195.4, July 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Sourcecommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaScriptC++C#C
Server operating systemsLinuxserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardSQL-like query language (RQL)yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JavaScript APIADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScriptC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.View functions in JavaScriptyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnonenoneMulti-source replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Authorization levels configured per client per databaseFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusLokiJSMicrosoft AccessRavenDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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CitusLokiJSMicrosoft AccessRavenDBVirtuoso
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