DBMS > Citus vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Rdb

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Rdb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Well established RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.14
Rank	#178	Overall
	#80	Relational DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb.html

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

docs.actian.com/ingres

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb-doc.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

Initial release

2010

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1989

1984

Current release

8.1, December 2018

11.2, May 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

7.4.1.1, 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

HP Open VMS

Data scheme

yes

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Ingres Replicator

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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