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DBMS > Citus vs. HyperSQL vs. KairosDB vs. Neo4j vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. HyperSQL vs. KairosDB vs. Neo4j vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.14
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#238  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score42.68
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score1.93
Rank#121  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.citusdata.comhsqldb.orggithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbneo4j.comwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlkairosdb.github.ioneo4j.com/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.Stardog-Union
Initial release20102001201320072010
Current release8.1, December 20182.7.2, June 20231.2.2, November 20185.23, August 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageCJavaJavaJava, ScalaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesnonoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java, SQLnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesyesnoyes infovia event handleryes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infobased on Cassandrayes using Neo4j Fabricnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBKairosDBNeo4jStardog
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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