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DBMS > Citus vs. HugeGraph vs. InfinityDB vs. LevelDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. HugeGraph vs. InfinityDB vs. LevelDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHugeGraph  Xexclude from comparisonInfinityDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMSA Java embedded Key-Value Store which extends the Java Map interfaceEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#335  Overall
#31  Graph DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#365  Overall
#55  Key-value stores
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org
boilerbay.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comhugegraph.apache.org/­docsboilerbay.com/­infinitydb/­manualgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperBaiduBoiler Bay Inc.GoogleOpenLink Software
Initial release20102018200220111998
Current release8.1, December 20180.94.01.23, February 20217.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaJavaC++C
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
macOS
Unix
All OS with a Java VMIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infonested virtual Java Maps, multi-value, logical ‘tuple space’ runtime Schema upgradeschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoall Java primitives, Date, CLOB, BLOB, huge sparse arraysnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoalso supports composite index and range indexno infomanual creation possible, using inversions based on multi-value capabilitynoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnononoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin
Access via java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigableMap Interface
Proprietary API to InfinityDB ItemSpace (boilerbay.com/­docs/­ItemSpaceDataStructures.htm)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Groovy
Java
Python
JavaC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.asynchronous Gremlin script jobsnonoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyes infodepending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBasenonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infodepending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBasenonenoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnovia hugegraph-sparknonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infoREAD-COMMITTED or SERIALIZEDImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoedges in graphno infomanual creation possible, using inversions based on multi-value capabilitynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoOptimistic locking for transactions; no isolation for bulk loadsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissionsnonoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusHugeGraphInfinityDBLevelDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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CitusHugeGraphInfinityDBLevelDBVirtuoso
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