DBMS > Citus vs. Hive vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Hive vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Cloud-based data warehousing service

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	59.76
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	1.37
Rank	#160	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.13
Rank	#345	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

hive.apache.org

www.ibm.com/products/db2/warehouse

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

IBM

Microsoft

Initial release

2010

2012

2014

2009

Current release

8.1, December 2018

3.1.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C++
Java
PHP
Python

Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

PL/SQL, SQL PL

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

selectable replication factor

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

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