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DBMS > Citus vs. HEAVY.AI vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. HEAVY.AI vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TempoIQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.77
Rank#141  Overall
#65  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
github.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorertempoiq.com (offline)
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdocs.heavy.aigithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperHEAVY.AI, Inc.GoogleMicrosoftTempoIQ
Initial release20102016201120192012
Current release8.1, December 20185.10, January 20221.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++ and CUDAC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnonoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infoRealtime Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoRound robinnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnononono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationsimple authentication-based access control

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More resources
CitusHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022LevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB
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