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DBMS > Citus vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. OrientDB vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. OrientDB vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonWarp 10  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)TimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score0.14
Rank#344  Overall
#32  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsorientdb.orgwww.warp10.io
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlwww.warp10.io/­content/­02_Getting_started
DeveloperThomas MuellerMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPSenX
Initial release20102005201620102015
Current release8.1, December 20182.2.220, July 20233.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyesSQL-like query language, no joinsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaC#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLJava, Javascriptyes infoWarpScript
TriggersyesyesnoHooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningShardingSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infobased on HBase
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes inforelationship in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableMandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations

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More resources
CitusH2Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOrientDBWarp 10
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