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DBMS > Citus vs. H2 vs. LokiJS vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. H2 vs. LokiJS vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.In-memory JavaScript DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#260  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSwww.postgresql.orgquestdb.io
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmltechfort.github.io/­LokiJSwww.postgresql.org/­docsquestdb.io/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release2010200520141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2014
Current release8.1, December 20182.2.220, July 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaJavaScriptCJava (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia viewsyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
JavaScript APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaJavaScript.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsView functions in JavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyesyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACIDACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusH2LokiJSPostgreSQLQuestDB
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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