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DBMS > Citus vs. H2 vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. H2 vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A widely adopted in-memory data gridFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.89
Rank#198  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.h2database.comhazelcast.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-database
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperThomas MuellerHazelcastMicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.
Initial release20102005200820192013
Current release8.1, December 20182.2.220, July 20235.3.6, November 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialcommercial infolimited edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMhostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQL
Triggersyesyesyes infoEventsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoReplicated Mapyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDB
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitednoACID infotunable commit protocol
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnoyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

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More resources
CitusH2HazelcastMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDB
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