DBMS > Citus vs. Graph Engine vs. H2 vs. SAP HANA vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Graph Engine vs. H2 vs. SAP HANA vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Scalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	0.61
Rank	#240	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#35	Key-value stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	44.69
Rank	#22	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	0.82
Rank	#209	Overall
	#97	Relational DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

www.graphengine.io

www.h2database.com

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

vitess.io

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

help.sap.com/hana

vitess.io/docs

Developer

Microsoft

Thomas Mueller

SAP

The Linux Foundation, PlanetScale

Initial release

2010

2005

2010

2013

Current release

8.1, December 2018

2.2.220, July 2023

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

15.0.2, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

.NET and C

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

.NET

All OS with a Java VM

Appliance or cloud-service

Docker
Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

Java

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

SQLScript, R

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

none

yes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID at shard level

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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