DBMS > Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Immudb vs. Sequoiadb vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Immudb vs. Sequoiadb vs. Transbase

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL

A resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.13
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	2.69
Rank	#101	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	0.42
Rank	#263	Overall
	#41	Document stores
	#121	Relational DBMS

Score	0.05
Rank	#355	Overall
	#150	Relational DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

cloud.google.com/spanner

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.sequoiadb.com

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase.html

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

docs.immudb.io

www.sequoiadb.com/en/index.php?m=Files&a=index

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase/features.html

Developer

Google

Codenotary

Sequoiadb Ltd.

Transaction Software GmbH

Initial release

2010

2017

2020

2013

1987

Current release

8.1, December 2018

1.2.3, April 2022

Transbase 8.3, 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Server: AGPL; Client: Apache V2

commercial

free development license

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux

hosted

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

oid, date, timestamp, binary, regex

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

SQL-like syntax

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

proprietary protocol using JSON

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Document is locked during a transaction

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

simple password-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

Recent citations in the news

Microsoft acquires Citus Data, re-affirming its commitment to Open Source and accelerating Azure PostgreSQL performance and scale
24 January 2019, Microsoft

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5 March 2024, TechCrunch

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24 January 2019, GeekWire

Microsoft acquires another open-source company, Citus Data
24 January 2019, CNBC

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18 May 2020, hackernoon.com

Codenotary brings its immutable database to the cloud
21 June 2023, TechCrunch

Codenotary Uses Immutable Database to Verify Software Artifacts
26 October 2021, DevOps.com

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provided by Google News

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