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DBMS > Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Hazelcast vs. Linter

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Hazelcast vs. Linter

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonLinter  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.A widely adopted in-memory data gridRDBMS for high security requirements
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score0.09
Rank#346  Overall
#152  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comhazelcast.comlinter.ru
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextHazelcastrelex.ru
Initial release20102017200020081990
Current release8.1, December 201810.4, October 20235.3.6, November 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaJavaC and C++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAIX
Android
BSD
HP Open VMS
iOS
Linux
OS X
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
LINQ
ODBC
OLE DB
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Ruby
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Servicesyes infoproprietary syntax with the possibility to convert from PL/SQL
Triggersyesnonoyes infoEventsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationyes infoReplicated MapSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Role-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusGoogle Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMHazelcastLinter
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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