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DBMS > Citus vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Well established RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperGoogleActian CorporationMicrosoft
Initial release201020151974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2016
Current release8.1, December 201811.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCCC++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyesTransact SQL
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesIngres Replicatoryes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
CitusGoogle Cloud BigtableIngresMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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