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DBMS > Citus vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. MonetDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. MonetDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMonetDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLGeode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA relational database management system that stores data in columns
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.92
Rank#131  Overall
#23  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comgeode.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.monetdb.org
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comgeode.apache.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.monetdb.org/­Documentation
DeveloperOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.MicrosoftMonetDB BV
Initial release2010200220192004
Current release8.1, December 20181.1, February 2017cloud service with continuous releasesDec2023 (11.49), December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as GemfirecommercialOpen Source infoMozilla Public License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredhostedFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (OQL)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL 2003 with some extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
native C library infoMAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes, in SQL, C, R
Triggersyesyes infoCache Event Listenersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding via remote tables
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none infoSource-replica replication available in experimental status
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes, on a single nodenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights per client and object definableAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CitusGeodeMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMonetDB
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