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DBMS > Citus vs. FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Milvus vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Milvus vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesSpatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSVector DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score2.78
Rank#103  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score1.63
Rank#146  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.commilvus.iowww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
DeveloperFoundationDBThomas MuellerAlessandro Furieri
Initial release20102013200520192008
Current release8.1, December 20186.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 20232.3.4, January 20245.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageCC++JavaC++, GoC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
server-less
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesVector, Numeric and Stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionssupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
JavaC++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.in SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnono
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlyyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsno
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusFoundationDBH2MilvusSpatiaLite
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

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CitusFoundationDBH2MilvusSpatiaLite
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