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DBMS > Citus vs. Firebird vs. H2 vs. Neo4j vs. ScyllaDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Firebird vs. H2 vs. Neo4j vs. ScyllaDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonScyllaDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsCassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column store
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSWide column store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSKey-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score20.50
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score4.08
Rank#76  Overall
#5  Wide column stores
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.firebirdsql.orgwww.h2database.comneo4j.comwww.scylladb.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlneo4j.com/­docsdocs.scylladb.com
DeveloperFirebird FoundationThomas MuellerNeo4j, Inc.ScyllaDB
Initial release20102000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase200520072015
Current release8.1, December 20185.0.0, January 20242.2.220, July 20235.20, May 2024ScyllaDB Open Source 5.4.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoOpen Source (AGPL), commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.Scylla Cloud: Create real-time applications that run at global scale with Scylla Cloud, the industry’s most powerful NoSQL DBaaS
Implementation languageCC and C++JavaJava, ScalaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes infocluster global secondary indices
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL)
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Proprietary protocol (CQL) infocompatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Thrift
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala
For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.PSQLJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsyes, Lua
Triggersyesyesyesyes infovia event handlerno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneyes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possible
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Tunable Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoin-memory tables
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users can be defined per object
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusFirebirdH2Neo4jScyllaDB
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
ScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Highly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
ScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Discord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
ScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
ScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based...
» more
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