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DBMS > Citus vs. EXASOL vs. InterSystems Caché vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. EXASOL vs. InterSystems Caché vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems Caché  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
Caché is a deprecated database engine which is substituted with InterSystems IRIS. It therefore is removed from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.A multi-model DBMS and application serverFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.exasol.comwww.intersystems.com/­products/­cacheazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.exasol.com/­resourcesdocs.intersystems.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperExasolInterSystemsMicrosoftTimescale
Initial release20102000199720192017
Current release8.1, December 20182018.1.4, May 2020cloud service with continuous releases2.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC
Server operating systemsLinuxAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesdepending on used data modelFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyesyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Lua
Python
R
C#
C++
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionsyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyesyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoHadoop integrationnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and rolesAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CitusEXASOLInterSystems CachéMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTimescaleDB
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