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DBMS > Citus vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Immudb vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Immudb vs. Transbase

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonTransbase  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score5.61
Rank#60  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.05
Rank#355  Overall
#150  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase.html
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.immudb.iowww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase/­features.html
DeveloperGoogleCodenotaryTransaction Software GmbH
Initial release20102018201720201987
Current release8.1, December 20181.0.0, June 20241.2.3, April 2022Transbase 8.3, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infofree development license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++GoC and C++
Server operating systemsLinuxserver-lesshostedBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like syntaxyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nononoyes
Triggersyesnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CitusDuckDBGoogle Cloud SpannerImmudbTransbase
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