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DBMS > Citus vs. Dragonfly vs. Hazelcast vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Dragonfly vs. Hazelcast vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDragonfly  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA drop-in Redis replacement that scales vertically to support millions of operations per second and terabyte sized workloads, all on a single instanceA widely adopted in-memory data gridWell established RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#261  Overall
#38  Key-value stores
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comgithub.com/­dragonflydb/­dragonfly
www.dragonflydb.io
hazelcast.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.dragonflydb.io/­docshazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperDragonflyDB team and community contributorsHazelcastActian CorporationMicrosoft
Initial release2010202320081974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2019
Current release8.1, December 20181.0, March 20235.3.6, November 202311.2, May 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoBSL 1.1Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesscheme-freeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesstrings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets, bit arraysyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoSQL-like query languageyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization ProtocolJCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Clojure
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Luayes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyespublish/subscribe channels provide some trigger functionalityyes infoEventsyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replicationyes infoReplicated MapIngres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic execution of command blocks and scriptsone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, strict serializability by the serveryesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardPassword-based authenticationRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
CitusDragonflyHazelcastIngresMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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