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DBMS > Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Newts

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Dgraph vs. Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Newts

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNewts  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSdata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platformTime Series DBMS based on Cassandra
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score59.76
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.07
Rank#375  Overall
#41  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comdgraph.iohive.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-exploreropennms.github.io/­newts
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdgraph.io/­docscwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorergithub.com/­OpenNMS/­newts/­wiki
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookMicrosoftOpenNMS Group
Initial release20102016201220192014
Current release8.1, December 20183.1.3, April 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCGoJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP REST
Java API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infobased on Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication via Raftselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.selectable replication factor infobased on Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and rolesAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
CitusDgraphHiveMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNewts
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