DBMS > Citus vs. Dgraph vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Dgraph vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Quasardb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Distributed, high-performance timeseries database

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.13
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	1.39
Rank	#155	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	24.97
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.13
Rank	#332	Overall
	#28	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

dgraph.io

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

quasar.ai

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

dgraph.io/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

doc.quasar.ai/master

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

quasardb

Initial release

2010

2016

2005

2014

2009

Current release

8.1, December 2018

2.2.220, July 2023

3.14.1, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Free community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

integer and binary

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

with tags

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

consistent hashing

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Synchronous replication via Raft

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Source-replica replication with selectable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using LevelDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Transient mode

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Cryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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