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DBMS > Citus vs. CockroachDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. CockroachDB vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#123  Overall
#60  Relational DBMS
Score6.10
Rank#58  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score0.57
Rank#250  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score22.71
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score1.46
Rank#159  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.voltdb.com
DeveloperCockroach LabsSpotifyMicrosoftVoltDB Inc.
Initial release20102015201420162010
Current release8.1, December 201823.1.1, May 202311.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCGoJavaC++Java, C++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnoyesyes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBCHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C#
Java
PHP
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nonoTransact SQLJava
Triggersyesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication using RAFTyesyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlyesUsers and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources
CitusCockroachDBHeroicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseVoltDB
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