DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Wide column store

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	98.94
Rank	#11	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	3.07
Rank	#86	Overall
	#15	Document stores
	#11	Key-value stores
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	1.48
Rank	#149	Overall
	#8	Vector DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#330	Overall
	#45	Document stores

Website

cassandra.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Oracle

Weaviate B.V.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2008

2011

2019

Current release

5.0-rc1, July 2024

24.1, May 2024

1.19, May 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

GraphQL is used as query language

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

yes

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Access rights for users and roles

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

Apache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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