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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NebulaGraph vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NebulaGraph vs. Weaviate

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.94
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score1.92
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
Score1.48
Rank#149  Overall
#8  Vector DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
github.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.nebula-graph.ioweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftVesoft Inc.Weaviate B.V.
Initial release2008201920192019
Current release5.0-rc1, July 2024cloud service with continuous releases1.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++Go
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Strong typed schemayes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionall fields are automatically indexedyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query languageGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsno
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Causal Clustering using Raft protocolyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access controlAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNebulaGraphWeaviate
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
All companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more
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