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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. FoundationDB vs. Kinetica vs. LevelDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. FoundationDB vs. Kinetica vs. LevelDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonKinetica  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Fully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUsEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values
Primary database modelWide column storeDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.94
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score0.42
Rank#261  Overall
#120  Relational DBMS
Score2.33
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.kinetica.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldb
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.kinetica.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.md
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookFoundationDBKineticaGoogle
Initial release2008201320122011
Current release5.0-rc1, July 20246.2.28, November 20207.1, August 20211.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++C, C++C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)supported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like DML and DDL statementsno
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionsno
Triggersyesnoyes infotriggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified rangeno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Linearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlyyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoGPU vRAM or System RAM
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoAccess rights for users and roles on table levelno
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraFoundationDBKineticaLevelDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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