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DBMS > Apache Cassandra vs. Elasticsearch vs. Neo4j vs. Riak KV

System Properties Comparison Apache Cassandra vs. Elasticsearch vs. Neo4j vs. Riak KV

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Cassandra  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonRiak KV  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsDistributed, fault tolerant key-value store
Primary database modelWide column storeSearch engineGraph DBMSKey-value store infowith links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.94
Rank#11  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score128.79
Rank#8  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score42.68
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score3.84
Rank#76  Overall
#9  Key-value stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchneo4j.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlneo4j.com/­docswww.tiot.jp/­riak-docs/­riak/­kv/­latest
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookElasticNeo4j, Inc.OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies
Initial release2008201020072009
Current release5.0-rc1, July 20248.6, January 20235.23, August 20243.2.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache version 2, commercial enterprise edition
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJava, ScalaErlang
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucenerestricted
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query languagenono
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C infounofficial client library
C#
C++ infounofficial client library
Clojure infounofficial client library
Dart infounofficial client library
Erlang
Go infounofficial client library
Groovy infounofficial client library
Haskell infounofficial client library
Java
JavaScript infounofficial client library
Lisp infounofficial client library
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala infounofficial client library
Smalltalk infounofficial client library
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsErlang
Triggersyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infovia event handleryes infopre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingyes using Neo4j FabricSharding infono "single point of failure"
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyselectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesES-Hadoop Connectornoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsno infolinks between data sets can be stored
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integration
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yes, using Riak Security
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache CassandraElasticsearchNeo4jRiak KV
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsApache Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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