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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Cachelot.io vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Cachelot.io vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCachelot.io  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopIn-memory caching systemScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFully managed big data interactive analytics platformIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#60  Key-value stores
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcachelot.iowww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20132015201020191998
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoSimplified BSD LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C
Server operating systemsLinuxFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
LinuxhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Memcached protocolADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RPL/SQL
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesnoyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCachelot.ioCitusMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTimesTen
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