DBMS > BoltDB vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog vs. Tarantool vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog vs. Tarantool vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Key-value store

RDF store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

with Tarantool/GIS extension

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.80
Rank	#215	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	1.67
Rank	#143	Overall
	#25	Document stores
	#25	Key-value stores
	#65	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#316	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS

Website

github.com/boltdb/bolt

Technical documentation

rdf4j.org/documentation

docs.stardog.com

www.tarantool.io/en/doc

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Stardog-Union

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

2013

2004

2010

2008

2018

Current release

7.3.0, May 2020

2.10.0, May 2022

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

BSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

Full-featured ANSI SQL support

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Open binary protocol

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Lua, C and SQL stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

yes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Asynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Casual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition

when using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition

when using Raft

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, cooperative multitasking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

yes, write ahead logging

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

Access Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles

Role-based access control

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication
9 November 2021, Vladimir Perepelytsya, Tarantool (sponsor)

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