DBMS > BoltDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL vs. RocksDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL vs. RocksDB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embedded key-value store for Go.

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.74
Rank	#220	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/boltdb/bolt

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.postgres-xl.org

rocksdb.org

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Microsoft

Facebook, Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2013

2019

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2013

2014

Current release

cloud service with continuous releases

10 R1, October 2018

8.11.4, April 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Scala

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

C++ API
Java API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

MVCC

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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