DBMS > BoltDB vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Postgres-XL vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Postgres-XL vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embedded key-value store for Go.

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.74
Rank	#220	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	1.99
Rank	#125	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

github.com/boltdb/bolt

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.postgres-xl.org

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

www.lmdb.tech/doc

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

Symas

Microsoft

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

2013

2011

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2013

Current release

0.9.32, January 2024

10 R1, October 2018

9.2.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

MVCC

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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