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DBMS > BoltDB vs. CrateDB vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. CrateDB vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.Distributed Database based on LuceneEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelKey-value storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Key-value storeRDF storeRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.76
Rank#224  Overall
#32  Key-value stores
Score0.73
Rank#229  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.71
Rank#231  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score11.40
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltcratedb.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbrdf4j.orgwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationcratedb.com/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdrdf4j.org/­documentationvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperCrateGoogleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.OpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20132013201120042005
Current release1.23, February 202112.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageGoJavaC++JavaC++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-freeyes infoRDF SchemasYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitynonoFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesGo.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Java
PHP
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions (Javascript)noyesyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnononoyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnonenonehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelnonenoneMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategynoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlnorights management via user accountsnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
BoltDBCrateDBLevelDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

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More resources
BoltDBCrateDBLevelDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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