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DBMS > BoltDB vs. Coveo vs. GraphDB vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Coveo vs. GraphDB vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCoveo  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.AI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code developmentEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeSearch engineGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score2.28
Rank#114  Overall
#11  Search engines
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.coveo.comwww.ontotext.comwww.stardog.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.coveo.comgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.stardog.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperCoveoOntotextStardog-UnionOpenLink Software
Initial release20132012200020101998
Current release10.4, October 20237.3.0, May 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freehybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configurationschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonostored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesGoC#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesnoyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesnonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoConstraint checkingyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesyesACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnogranular access controls, API key management, content filtersDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Access rights for users and rolesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
BoltDBCoveoGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMStardogVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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BoltDBCoveoGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMStardogVirtuoso
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