DBMS > BoltDB vs. CockroachDB vs. CrateDB vs. LokiJS vs. OpenQM

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. CockroachDB vs. CrateDB vs. LokiJS vs. OpenQM

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Distributed Database based on Lucene

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

QpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMS

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store

Multivalue DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.74
Rank	#220	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	0.73
Rank	#224	Overall
	#37	Document stores
	#5	Spatial DBMS
	#16	Search engines
	#19	Time Series DBMS
	#8	Vector DBMS

Score	0.43
Rank	#264	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Score	0.27
Rank	#298	Overall
	#10	Multivalue DBMS

Website

github.com/boltdb/bolt

www.cockroachlabs.com

cratedb.com

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

www.rocketsoftware.com/products/rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/rocket-open-qm

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

cratedb.com/docs

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Crate

Rocket Software, originally Martin Phillips

Initial release

2013

2015

2013

2014

1993

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

3.4-12

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.

Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

AIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

dynamic schema

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

schema-free

yes

with some exceptions

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API

JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

.NET
Erlang
Go

community maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

community maintained client
Perl

community maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

community maintained client
Scala

community maintained client

JavaScript

.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions (Javascript)

View functions in JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Configurable replication on table/partition-level

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy

atomic operations within a single collection possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

rights management via user accounts

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more

Competitive advantages

Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more

Typical application scenarios

IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more

Key customers

Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more

Market metrics

The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

See CrateDB pricing >
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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