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DBMS > BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA widely adopted in-memory data gridFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.80
Rank#215  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.citusdata.comhazelcast.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperHazelcastMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release20132010200820192016
Current release8.1, December 20185.3.6, November 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoCJavaJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesGo.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyesyes infoEventsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoReplicated Mapyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitednono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
BoltDBCitusHazelcastMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerToroDB
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