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DBMS > BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenQM

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenQM

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOpenQM infoalso called QM  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricFully managed big data interactive analytics platformQpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMS
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedMultivalue DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.74
Rank#220  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.27
Rank#298  Overall
#10  Multivalue DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.citusdata.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-open-qm
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperElasticMicrosoftRocket Software, originally Martin Phillips
Initial release20132010201020191993
Current release8.1, December 20188.6, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases3.4-12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoCJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedAIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infowith some exceptions
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyesyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesGo.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnoyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoES-Hadoop ConnectorSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoMemcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights can be defined down to the item level

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More resources
BoltDBCitusElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOpenQM infoalso called QM
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