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DBMS > BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Coveo vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenMLDB

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Coveo vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenMLDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCoveo  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOpenMLDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code developmentFully managed big data interactive analytics platformAn open-source machine learning database that provides a feature platform for training and inference
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.80
Rank#215  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.11
Rank#118  Overall
#11  Search engines
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.10
Rank#359  Overall
#36  Time Series DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.citusdata.comwww.coveo.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-exploreropenmldb.ai
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdocs.coveo.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-exploreropenmldb.ai/­docs/­zh/­main
DeveloperCoveoMicrosoft4 Paradigm Inc.
Initial release20132010201220192020
Current release8.1, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases2024-2 February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoCC++, Java, Scala
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxhostedhostedLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyeshybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configurationFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Fixed schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesGo.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACIDyesnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardgranular access controls, API key management, content filtersAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
BoltDBCitusCoveoMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOpenMLDB
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