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DBMS > BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Coveo vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Citus vs. Coveo vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCoveo  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embedded key-value store for Go.Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLAI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code developmentAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.80
Rank#215  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.11
Rank#118  Overall
#11  Search engines
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­boltdb/­boltwww.citusdata.comwww.coveo.comcloud.google.com/­datastoreazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdocs.coveo.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperCoveoGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release20132010201220082019
Current release8.1, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linuxhostedhostedhosted
Data schemeschema-freeyeshybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configurationschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes, details hereyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoSQL-like query language (GQL)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesGo.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nousing Google App EngineYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersnoyesyesCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesMulti-source replication using Paxosyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACIDyesACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactionsno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardgranular access controls, API key management, content filtersAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
BoltDBCitusCoveoGoogle Cloud DatastoreMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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