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DBMS > Blazegraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Blazegraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBlazegraph  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
Amazon has acquired Blazegraph's domain and (probably) product. It is said that Amazon Neptune is based on Blazegraph.
DescriptionHigh-performance graph database supporting Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop3, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs with scale-out and High Availability.A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricWell established RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Search engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.81
Rank#213  Overall
#19  Graph DBMS
#8  RDF stores
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteblazegraph.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationwiki.blazegraph.comwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperBlazegraphElasticActian CorporationMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release200620101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20192016
Current release2.1.5, March 20198.6, January 202311.2, May 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoextended commercial license availableOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaCC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedhosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoRDF literal typesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageSQL-like query languageyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL QUERY
SPARQL UPDATE
TinkerPop 3
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesIngres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop ConnectornoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in Graphsnoyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlSecurity and Authentication via Web Application Container (Tomcat, Jetty)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes

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More resources
BlazegraphElasticsearchIngresMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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