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DBMS > Blazegraph vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimesTen vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Blazegraph vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimesTen vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBlazegraph  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
Amazon has acquired Blazegraph's domain and (probably) product. It is said that Amazon Neptune is based on Blazegraph.
DescriptionHigh-performance graph database supporting Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop3, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs with scale-out and High Availability.Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFully managed big data interactive analytics platformIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.75
Rank#219  Overall
#19  Graph DBMS
#8  RDF stores
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score10.68
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Websiteblazegraph.comwww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationwiki.blazegraph.comdocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1vertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperBlazegraphMicrosoftOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005OpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20062010201919982005
Current release2.1.5, March 20198.1, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)12.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoextended commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaCC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoRDF literal typesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL QUERY
SPARQL UPDATE
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RPL/SQLyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in Graphsyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlSecurity and Authentication via Web Application Container (Tomcat, Jetty)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
BlazegraphCitusMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTimesTenVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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BlazegraphCitusMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTimesTenVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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