DBMS > BigchainDB vs. Citus vs. dBASE vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LokiJS

System Properties Comparison BigchainDB vs. Citus vs. dBASE vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LokiJS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

BigchainDB is scalable blockchain database offering decentralization, immutability and native assets

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.79
Rank	#212	Overall
	#36	Document stores

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	10.34
Rank	#44	Overall
	#28	Relational DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	0.43
Rank	#264	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Website

www.bigchaindb.com

www.citusdata.com

www.dbase.com

cloud.google.com/spanner

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

Technical documentation

bigchaindb.readthedocs.io/en/latest

docs.citusdata.com

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

Developer

Asthon Tate

Google

Initial release

2016

2010

1979

2017

2014

Current release

8.1, December 2018

dBASE 2019, 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL v3

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Python

JavaScript

Server operating systems

Linux

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

hosted

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

APIs and other access methods

CLI Client
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

dBase proprietary IDE

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

atomic operations within a single collection possible

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes,with MongoDB ord RethinkDB

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

DB-Engines Ranking coverage expanded to 169 database management systems
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