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DBMS > BaseX vs. Drizzle vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison BaseX vs. Drizzle vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBaseX  Xexclude from comparisonDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionLight-weight Native XML DBMS with support for XQuery 3.0 and interactive GUI.MySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS
Primary database modelNative XML DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.73
Rank#142  Overall
#4  Native XML DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Websitebasex.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
Technical documentationdocs.basex.orgcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.nebula-graph.io
DeveloperBaseX GmbHDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerGoogleMicrosoftVesoft Inc.
Initial release20072008201720192019
Current release10.7, August 20237.2.4, September 2012cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSD licenseOpen Source infoGNU GPLcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
hostedhostedLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Strong typed schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infoXQuery supports typesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTXQ
WebDAV
XML:DB
XQJ
JDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Supported programming languagesActionscript
C
C#
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Rebol
Ruby
Scala
Visual Basic
C
C++
Java
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions
Triggersyes infovia eventsno infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.noyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Causal Clustering using Raft protocol
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datamultiple readers, single writerACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept on 4 levelsPluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
BaseXDrizzleGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNebulaGraph
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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BaseXDrizzleGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNebulaGraph
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