this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Search engine

Using distributed Lucene

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.16
Rank	#338	Overall
	#47	Document stores
	#32	Graph DBMS
	#31	Time Series DBMS

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#81	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	0.96
Rank	#195	Overall
	#29	Key-value stores

Website

bangdb.com

cloud.google.com/bigquery

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.alachisoft.com/ncache

Technical documentation

docs.bangdb.com

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

www.alachisoft.com/resources/docs

Developer

Sachin Sinha, BangDB

Google

Microsoft

Alachisoft

Initial release

2012

2010

2019

2005

Current release

BangDB 2.0, October 2021

cloud service with continuous releases

5.3.3, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD 3

commercial

Open Source

Enterprise Edition available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, C++

C#, .NET, .NET Core, Java

Server operating systems

Linux

hosted

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes: string, long, double, int, geospatial, stream, events

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

partial

Supported data types are Lists, Queues, Hashsets, Dictionary and Counter

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

secondary, composite, nested, reverse, geospatial

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL like support with command line tool

yes

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

SQL-like query syntax and LINQ for searching the cache. Cache Synchronization with SQL Server using SQL dependency.

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

IDistributedCache
JCache
LINQ
Proprietary native API

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Java
Python

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
.Net Core
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

support for stored procedures with SQL-Server CLR

Triggers

yes, Notifications (with Streaming only)

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Notifications

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding (enterprise version only). P2P based virtual network overlay with consistent hashing and chord algorithm

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor, Knob for CAP (enterprise version only)

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes, with selectable consistency level

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Tunable consistency, set CAP knob accordingly

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Strong Eventual Consistency over WAN with Conflict Resolution using Bridge Topology

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

optimistic locking and pessimistic locking

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, optimistic concurrency control

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes, implements WAL (Write ahead log) as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes, run db with in-memory only mode

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes (enterprise version only)

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Authentication to access the cache via Active Directory/LDAP (possible roles: user, administrator)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NCache has been the market leader in .NET Distributed Caching since 2005 . NCache...
» more

Competitive advantages

NCache is 100% .NET/ .NET Core based which fully supports ASP.NET Core Sessions ,...
» more

Typical application scenarios

NCache enables industries like retail, finance, banking IoT, travel, ecommerce, healthcare...
» more

Key customers

Bank of America, Citi, Natures Way, Charter Spectrum, Barclays, Henry Schein, GBM,...
» more

Market metrics

Market Leader in .NET Distributed Caching since 2005.
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NCache Open Source is free on an as-is basis without any support. NCache Enterprise...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.