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DBMS > ArcadeDB vs. FoundationDB vs. GridGain vs. H2 vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison ArcadeDB vs. FoundationDB vs. GridGain vs. H2 vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameArcadeDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGridGain  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionFast and scalable multi-model DBMS, originally forked from OrientDB but most of the code has been rewrittenOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.GridGain is an in-memory computing platform, built on Apache IgniteFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Time Series DBMS infoin next version
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.02
Rank#366  Overall
#50  Document stores
#38  Graph DBMS
#53  Key-value stores
#36  Time Series DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score1.47
Rank#154  Overall
#26  Key-value stores
#72  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitearcadedb.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.gridgain.comwww.h2database.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.arcadedb.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.gridgain.com/­docs/­index.htmlwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperArcade DataFoundationDBGridGain Systems, Inc.Thomas MuellerOpenLink Software
Initial release20212013200720051998
Current releaseSeptember 20216.2.28, November 2020GridGain 8.5.12.2.220, July 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++Java, C++, .NetJavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language, no joinssupported in specific SQL layer onlyANSI-99 for query and DML statements, subset of DDLyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
MongoDB API
OpenCypher
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Redis API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
TinkerPop Gremlin
HDFS API
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyyes (compute grid and cache interceptors can be used instead)Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyes (cache interceptors and events)yesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyesyes (replicated cache)With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes (compute grid and hadoop accelerator)noyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes inforelationship in graphsin SQL-layer onlynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoSecurity Hooks for custom implementationsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
ArcadeDBFoundationDBGridGainH2Virtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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ArcadeDBFoundationDBGridGainH2Virtuoso
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