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DBMS > ArangoDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Spark SQL vs. Splice Machine vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison ArangoDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Spark SQL vs. Splice Machine vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameArangoDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonSplice Machine  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionNative multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingOpen-Source SQL RDBMS for Operational and Analytical use cases with native Machine Learning, powered by Hadoop and SparkVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.32
Rank#90  Overall
#15  Document stores
#5  Graph DBMS
#12  Key-value stores
#10  Search engines
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score0.54
Rank#250  Overall
#114  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitearangodb.comcloud.google.com/­spannerspark.apache.org/­sqlsplicemachine.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.arangodb.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlsplicemachine.com/­how-it-worksdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterFacebookYouTubeInstagram
DeveloperArangoDB Inc.GoogleApache Software FoundationSplice MachineOpenLink Software
Initial release20122017201420141998
Current release3.11.5, November 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20233.1, March 20217.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL 3.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.
Implementation languageC++ScalaJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoautomatically recognizes schema within a collectionyesyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infostring, double, boolean, list, hashyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsAQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Native Spark Datasource
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptnonoyes infoJavayes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnononoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infosince version 2.0Shardingyes, utilizing Spark CoreShared Nothhing Auto-Sharding, Columnar Partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication with configurable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infocan be done with stored procedures in JavaScriptyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowYes, via Full Spark Integrationyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoconfigurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes inforelationships in graphsyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
ArangoDBGoogle Cloud SpannerSpark SQLSplice MachineVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsGraph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesConsolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosNative multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersCisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsVery permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
ArangoDBGoogle Cloud SpannerSpark SQLSplice MachineVirtuoso
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