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DBMS > Apache Pinot vs. Faircom DB vs. Kyligence Enterprise vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Pinot vs. Faircom DB vs. Kyligence Enterprise vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Pinot  Xexclude from comparisonFaircom DB infoformerly c-treeACE  Xexclude from comparisonKyligence Enterprise  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionRealtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latencyNative high-speed multi-model DBMS for relational and key-value store data simultaneously accessible through SQL and NoSQL APIs.A distributed analytics engine for big data, built on top of Apache KylinFully managed big data interactive analytics platformVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.35
Rank#274  Overall
#128  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#314  Overall
#45  Key-value stores
#141  Relational DBMS
Score0.44
Rank#259  Overall
#118  Relational DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitepinot.apache.orgwww.faircom.com/­products/­faircom-dbkyligence.io/­kyligence-enterpriseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorervirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.pinot.apache.orgdocs.faircom.com/­docs/­en/­UUID-7446ae34-a1a7-c843-c894-d5322e395184.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsFairCom CorporationKyligence, Inc.MicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release20151979201620191998
Current release1.0.0, September 2023V13, July 2024cloud service with continuous releases7.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infoRestricted, free version availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaANSI C, C++JavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java JDK11 or higherAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OS X
QNX
SCO
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows infoeasily portable to other OSs
LinuxhostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema free, schema optional, schema required, partial schema,yesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, ANSI SQL Types, JSON, typed binary structuresyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyes, ANSI SQL with proprietary extensionsANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
Direct SQL
JDBC
JPA
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful MQTT/JSON API
RPC
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js and browser)
PHP
Python
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes info.Net, JavaScript, C/C++Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningFile partitioning, horizontal partitioning, sharding infoCustomizable business rules for table partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, configurable to be parallel or serial, synchronous or asynchronous, uni-directional or bi-directional, ACID-consistent or eventually consistent (with custom conflict resolution).yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Tunable consistency per server, database, table, and transaction
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datatunable from ACID to Eventually ConsistentnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentYes, tunable from durable to delayed durability to in-memoryyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard with additional protections for filesAzure Active Directory AuthenticationFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PinotFaircom DB infoformerly c-treeACEKyligence EnterpriseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache PinotFaircom DB infoformerly c-treeACEKyligence EnterpriseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerVirtuoso
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