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DBMS > Apache Pinot vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Apache Pinot vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Pinot  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionRealtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latencyA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineKey-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.38
Rank#275  Overall
#126  Relational DBMS
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitepinot.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.progress.com/­marklogicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdocs.pinot.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsElasticGoogleMarkLogic Corp.Microsoft
Initial release20152010201520012016
Current release1.0.0, September 20238.6, January 202311.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java JDK11 or higherAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languagenoyes infoSQL92yes
APIs and other access methodsJDBCJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
Python
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningShardingShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectoryesyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoAtomic single-row operationsACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnoyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyes

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More resources
Apache PinotElasticsearchGoogle Cloud BigtableMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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