DBMS > Apache Pinot vs. ClickHouse vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LevelDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Pinot vs. ClickHouse vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LevelDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Realtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latency

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.38
Rank	#275	Overall
	#126	Relational DBMS

Score	15.55
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

Technical documentation

docs.pinot.apache.org

clickhouse.com/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Clickhouse Inc.

Thomas Mueller

Google

Initial release

2015

2016

2005

2001

2011

Current release

1.0.0, September 2023

v24.4.2.141-stable, June 2024

2.2.220, July 2023

2.7.2, June 2023

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java JDK11 or higher

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
Python

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

key based and custom

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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