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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Lovefield vs. openGauss vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Lovefield vs. openGauss vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonopenGauss  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with high-performance, high-availability and high-performance originally developed by HuaweiVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.06
Rank#123  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score0.33
Rank#286  Overall
#131  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#184  Overall
#84  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitephoenix.apache.orggoogle.github.io/­lovefieldgitee.com/­opengauss
opengauss.org
virtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.opengauss.org/­en
gitee.com/­opengauss/­docs
docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software FoundationGoogleHuawei and openGauss communityOpenLink Software
Initial release2014201420191998
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20192.1.12, February 20173.0, March 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaScriptC, C++, JavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternANSI SQL 2011yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBCJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
JavaScriptC
C++
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnoyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnoUsing read-only observersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash)yes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneSource-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infousing MemoryDBnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancynoAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PhoenixLovefieldopenGaussVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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Apache PhoenixLovefieldopenGaussVirtuoso
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