DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. GraphDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Splice Machine vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. GraphDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Splice Machine vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Open-Source SQL RDBMS for Operational and Analytical use cases with native Machine Learning, powered by Hadoop and Spark

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.06
Rank	#123	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#91	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	0.54
Rank	#252	Overall
	#115	Relational DBMS

Score	1.47
Rank	#157	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

splicemachine.com/how-it-works

docs.voltdb.com

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Ontotext

Apache Software Foundation

Splice Machine

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

2014

2000

2014

2010

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

10.4, October 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

3.1, March 2021

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

AGPL 3.0, commercial license available

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Scala

Java

Java, C++

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
Native Spark Datasource
ODBC

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java
Python
R
Scala

C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Scala

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

yes

Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Shared Nothhing Auto-Sharding, Columnar Partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

Yes, via Full Spark Integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more

Competitive advantages

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more

Key customers

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more

Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more

News

Matching Skills and Candidates with Graph RAG
31 May 2024

A Triple Store RAG Retriever
29 May 2024

Integrating GraphDB with Relational Database Systems
23 May 2024

Understanding the Graph Center of Excellence
17 May 2024

Migrating From LPG to RDF Graph Model
8 May 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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